Making Friends and Playing the Game

Bribery relations are a way to cope with the uncertainties of everyday life for many people living in Tanzania. For members of the Tanzanian Indian communities, the uncertainties not only count the faltering bureaucratic systems and a state lacking leg…

Phasal Polarity Expressions in Kusaal

In studies of African languages, Phasal Polarity (PhP) expressions­ – already, still, no longer, and not yet – have received little attention in the literature on the Mabia (Gur) languages of West Africa. This study aims to address that gap by inves…

Introduction to Special Section

This introduction to the special section on African multilingualism introduces and contextualises three contributing articles into the recently growing research area of small-scale multilingualism. This article does so by briefly characterising the con…